1897 - أهَمُّ مايَجِبُ عَلَى الوالي في وِلايَتِهِ‏

1897. THE MOST IMPORTANT THING A RULER NEEDS IN HIS RULE

6789.الإمامُ الصّادق عليه السلام : قالَ أميرُ المؤمنينَ عليه السلام لِعُمرَ بنِ الخَطّابِ : ثَلاثٌ إن حَفِظتَهُنَّ وعَمِلتَ بِهِنَّ كَفَتكَ ماسِواهُنَّ ، وإن تَرَكتَهُنَّ لَم يَنفَعْكَ شي‏ءٌ سِواهُنَّ . قالَ : وما هُنَّ يا أباالحَسَنِ ؟ قالَ : إقامَةُ الحُدودِ علَى القَريبِ والبَعيدِ ، والحُكمُ بكِتابِ اللَّهِ في الرِّضا والسُّخطِ ، والقَسْمُ بِالعَدلِ بَينَ الأحمَرِ والأسوَدِ . فقالَ لَهُ عُمَر : لَعَمري لَقَد أوجَزتَ وأبلَغتَ .¹

6789. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said: Imam Ali (AS) said to Umar b. al-Khattab, 'There are three things which if you observe and act in accordance with, they will suffice you in everything else, and if you abandon them, nothing else will benefit you other than them.' Umar asked, 'What are they Abu al-Hasan?' He (AS) said, 'The observance of penalties for the close and the distant, ruling according to the Book of Allah, be it with acceptance or discontentment, and to divide fairly between the black and the red.' Umar said, 'By my life, you have summarised and explained [everything].' ²

6790.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - مِن كِتابِهِ للأشتَرِ لَمّا وَلّاهُ مِصرَ - : وأشعِرْ قَلبَكَ الرَّحمَةَ لِلرَّعِيَّةِ ، والمَحَبَّة لَهُم ، واللُّطفَ بِهِم ، ولاتَكونَنَّ علَيهِم سَبُعاً ضارِياً تَغتَنِمُ أكلَهُم ؛ فإنَّهُم صِنفانِ : إمّا أخٌ لَكَ في الدِّينِ ، أو نَظيرٌ لَكَ في الخَلقِ ، يَفرُطُ مِنهُمُ الزَّلَلُ ، وتَعرِضُ لَهُمُ العِلَلُ ، ويُؤتى‏ على‏ أيديهِم في العَمدِ والخَطأِ ، فأعطِهِم مِن عَفوِكَ وصَفحِكَ مِثلَ الّذي تُحِبُّ وتَرضى‏ أن يُعطِيَكَ اللَّهُ مِن عَفوِهِ وصَفحِهِ ، فإنَّكَ فَوقَهُم ، وَوالِي الأمرِ علَيكَ فَوقَكَ ، واللَّهُ فَوقَ مَن وَلّاكَ !³

6790. Imam Ali (AS), in his letter to Malik al-Ashtar when he appointed him governor of Egypt, said, 'Habituate your heart to mercy for the subjects and to affection and kindness for them. Do not stand over them like greedy beasts who seeks to devour them, since they are of two kinds, either your brother in religion or one like you in creation. They will commit slips and encounter mistakes. They may act wrongly, wilfully or by neglect. So extend to them your forgiveness and pardon, in the same way as you would like Allah to extend His forgiveness and pardon to you, because you have authority over them, and your responsible Commander (Imam) has authority over you, while Allah has authority over he who has appointed you.' ⁴

6791.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - مِن كِتابِهِ للأشتَرِ لَمّا وَلّاهُ مِصرَ - : ولْيَكُن أحَبَّ الاُمورِ إلَيكَ أوسَطُها في الحَقِّ ، وأعَمُّها في العَدِل ، وأجمَعُها لرِضا الرَّعِيَّةِ ؛ فإنَّ سُخطَ العامَّةِ يُجحِفُ برِضا الخاصَّةِ ، وإنَّ سُخطَ الخاصَّةِ يُغتَفَرُ مَع رِضا العامَّةَ . ولَيسَ أحَدٌ مِن الرَّعِيَّةِ أثقَلَ علَى الوالِي مَؤونَةً في الرَّخاء ، وأقَلَّ مَعونَةً لَهُ في البَلاءِ ، وأكرَهَ للإنصافِ ، وأسألَ بالإلحافِ ، وأقَلَّ شُكراً عِندَ الإعطاءِ ، وأبَطأ عُذراً عِندَ المَنعِ ، وأضعَفَ صَبراً عِندَ مُلِمّاتِ الدَّهرِ ، مِن أهلِ الخاصَّةِ . وإنّما عِمادُ الدِّينِ وجِماعُ المُسلمينَ والعُدَّةُ للأعداءِ : العامَّةُ مِن الاُمَّةِ ، فلْيَكُنْ صِغوُكَ لَهُم ، ومَيلُكَ مَعهُم .⁵

6791. Imam Ali (AS), in his letter to Malik al-Ashtar when he appointed him governor of Egypt, said, 'The way most coveted by you should be that which is the most equitable for the truth, the most universal by way of justice, and the most comprehensive with regard to the agreement among those under you, because the disagreement among the common people sweeps away the arguments of the chiefs while the disagreement among the chiefs can be disregarded when compared to the agreement of the common people. No one among those under you is more burdensome to the ruler in the comfort of life, less helpful in distress, more disliking of equitable treatment, more importunate in asking favours, least thankful when given, least accepting of excuses when refused, and weakest in endurance at the time of discomforts in life than the chiefs. It is the common people of the community who are the pillars of religion, the power of the Muslims and the defence against the enemies. Your leanings should therefore be towards them and your inclination with them.' ⁶

6792.الإمامُ الصّادق عليه السلام : ثَلاثَةٌ تَجِبُ على‏ السُّلطانِ لِلخاصَّةِ والعامَّةِ : مُكافأةُ المُحسِنِ بالإحسانِ لِيَزدادُوا رَغبَةً فيهِ ، وتَغَمُّدُ ذُنوبِ المُسي‏ءِ لِيَتُوبَ ويَرجِعَ عَن غَيِّهِ (عَتبِهِ) ، وتَألُّفُهُم جَميعاً بالإحسانِ والإنصافِ .⁷

6792.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'There are three things that are obligatory for a governor, both towards the elite and the general public: rewarding the good-doer with goodness so that he increases in his desire to perform it, forgiving the sins of the wrongful so that he can repent and return from his rebellion, and encompassing all people with goodness and fairness.' ⁸

(اُنظر) عنوان 139 «المداراة» .

(See also: AMICABLENESS 139)