192. شرح نهج البلاغة عن أبي جعفر الإِسكافيّ :
192. Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, narrating from Abu Ja`far al-Iskafi who, said:
صَعِدَ ]عَلِيٌّ عليه السلام [ المِنبَرَ فِي اليَومِ الثّاني مِن يَومِ البَيعَةِ وهُوَ يَومُ السَّبتِ لِاءِحدى عَشَرَةَ لَيلَةً بَقينَ مِن ذِي الحِجَّةِ ،
“He [Ali (AS)] stood upon the pulpit on the second day of his pledge allegiance, on Saturday, the nineteenth of Dhu-’l-Hijjah.
فَحَمِدَ اللّهَ وأثنى عَلَيهِ ، وذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدا فَصَلّى عَلَيهِ ،
He praised Allah and lauded Him, and then mentioned Muhammad and praised him;
ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ نِعمَةَ اللّهِ عَلى أهلِ الإِسلامِ ،
then he mentioned the blessings of Allah upon the people of Islam.
ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ الدُّنيا فَزَهَّدَهُم فيها ،
He then mentioned this world and invited people to forsake it,
وذَكَرَ الآخِرَةَ فَرَغَّبَهُم إلَيها ، ثُمَّ قالَ :
and mentioned the hereafter and invited them to desire for it, and then he said:
أمّا بَعدُ ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمّا قُبِضَ رَسولُ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله استَخلَفَ النّاسُ أبا بَكرٍ ،
“Lo!, when the Messenger of Allah (SA) passed away, the people appointed Abu Bakr as Caliph,
ثُمَّ استَخلَفَ أبو بَكرٍ عُمَرَ فَعَمِلَ بِطَريقِهِ ،
and then he appointed `Umar who followed the footsteps of Abu Bakr.
ثُمَّ جَعَلَها شورى بَينَ سِتَّةٍ ،
`Umar made it be decided by a council of six people,
فَأَفضَى الأَمرُ مِنهُم إلى عُثمانَ ،
who concluded by the appointment of `Uthman;
فَعَمِلَ ما أنكَرتُم وعَرَفتُم ، ثُمَّ حُصِرَ وقُتِلَ ،
he was besieged and killed,
ثُمَّ جِئتُموني طائِعينَ فَطَلَبتُم إلَيَّ ،
and so came to me.
وإنَّما أنَا رَجُلٌ مِنكُم ،
I am one of you
لي ما لَكُم وعَلَيَّ ما عَلَيكُم ،
I have what you have and bear what you bear.
وقَد فَتَحَ اللّهُ البابَ بَينَكُم وبَينَ أهلِ القِبلَةِ ،
Allah opened the door between you and the Muslims,
وأقبَلَتِ الفِتَنُ كَقِطَع اللَّيلِ المُظلِمِ ،
and dissensions have come like parts of a dark night;
ولا يَحمِلُ هذَا الأَمرَ إلّا أهلُ الصَّبرِ وَالبَصَرِ وَالعِلمِ بِمَواقِعِ الأَمرِ ،
nobody could bear this affair [of ruling] but a person who is patient, who has insight and knowledge of the circumstances of the government.
وإنّي حامِلُكُم عَلى مَنهَجِ نَبِيِّكُم صلى الله عليه و آله
I will let you tread the path of your Prophet (SA)
ومُنَفِّذٌ فيكُم ما اُمِرتُ بِهِ ،
and execute what I have been ordered to,
إنِ استَقَمتُم لي وبِاللّهِ المُستَعانُ .
if you follow me, and Allah is the Supporter.
ألا إنَّ مَوضِعي مِن رَسولِ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله بَعدَ وَفاتِهِ
Verily, my position in relation to the Messenger of Allah (SA) after his death is
كَمَوضِعي مِنهُ أيّامَ حَياتِهِ ،
like my position in relation to him during his lifetime,
فَامضوا لِما تُؤمَرونَ بِهِ وقِفوا عندَ ما تُنهَونَ عَنهُ ،
so keep what you are ordered, and stop doing what you have been prohibited to do.
ولا تَعجَلوا في أمرٍ حَتّى نُبَيِّنَهُ لَكُم ،
Do not hasten to do something until we explain it to you,
فَإِنَّ لَنا عَن كُلِّ أمرٍ تُنكِرونَهُ عُذرا .
for we will have evidence for everything you do not like.
ألا وإنَّ اللّهَ عالِمٌ مِن فَوقِ سَمائِهِ وعَرشِهِ أنّي كُنتُ كارِها لِلوِلايَةِ عَلى اُمَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ
Verily, Allah knows from above His Heaven and Throne that I was reluctant to assume the authority over the ummah of Muhammad (SA),
حَتَّى اجتَمَعَ رَأيُكُم عَلى ذلِكَ ؛ لِأَنّي سَمِعتُ رَسولَ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله يَقولُ :
until you all agreed upon this affair. I have heard the Messenger of Allah (SA) say:
«أيُّما والٍ وَلِيَ الأَمرَ مِن بَعدي اُقيمَ عَلى حَدِّ الصِّراطِ ،
“Any ruler who rules the government after me will be halted on the line of the Sirat
ونَشَرَتِ المَلائِكَةُ صَحيفَتَهُ ؛
and the angels will open his book of deeds.
فَإِن كانَ عادِلاً أنجاهُ اللّهُ بِعَدلِهِ ،
If he is just, Allah will save him with His justness,
وإن كانَ جائِرا اِنتَفَضَ بِهِ الصِّراطُ حَتّى تَتَزايَلَ مَفاصِلُهُ ،
but if he is unjust, the Sirat will shake him until his limbs fall apart,
ثُمَّ يَهوي إلَى النّارِ ؛
and then he falls into Hell,
فَيَكونُ أوَّلُ ما يَتَّقيها بِهِ أنفَهُ وحَرَّ وَجهِهِ»
where the first thing to burn will be his face.”
ولكِنّي لَمَّا اجتَمَعَ رَأيُكُم لَم يَسَعني تَركُكُم .
However, when you all agreed, there is no place for me to refuse.”
ثُمَّ التَفَتَ عليه السلام يَمينا وشِمالاً فَقالَ :
Then he (AS) turned right and left, and said:
ألا لا يَقولَنَّ رِجالٌ مِنكُم غَدا قَد غَمَرَتهُمُ الدُّنيا
“Let not men among you who have been engrossed in this world,
فَاتَّخَذُوا العِقارَ ،
so they take to themselves gardens,
وفَجَّرُوا الأَنهارَ ،
burst the rivers,
ورَكَبُوا الخُيولَ الفارِهَةَ ،
ride fast horses,
وَاتَّخَذُوا الوَصائِفَ الرّوقَةَ
and possess very beautiful bondmaids
فَصارَ ذلِكَ عَلَيهِم عارا وشَنارا ،
who may be a disgrace for them,
إذا ما مَنَعتُهُم ما كانوا يَخوضونَ فيهِ وأصَرتُهُم إلى حُقوقِهِمُ الَّتي يَعلَمونَ ،
when I prohibit them tomorrow from what they are committing,
فَيَنقِمونَ ذلِكَ ويَستَنكِرونَ
complain about it or denounce it,
ويَقولونَ : حَرَمَنَا ابنُ أبي طالِبٍ حُقوقَنا .
saying: Ali ibn Abi Talib has deprived us of our rights.
ألا وأيُّما رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُهاجِرينَ وَالأَنصارِ مِن أصحابِ رَسولِ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله
Verily, any one from the Muhajirin and the Ansar among the companions of the Messenger of Allah (SA)
يَرى أنَّ الفَضلَ لَهُ عَلى مَن سِواهُ لِصُحبَتِهِ ،
who see that he has virtue over others because of his companionship,
فَإِنَّ الفَضلَ النَّيِّرَ غَدا عِندَ اللّهِ ، وثَوابَهُ وأجرَهُ عَلَى اللّهِ ،
must know that virtue is with Allah tomorrow, and its reward is upon Allah.
وأيُّما رَجُلٍ اِستَجابَ للِّهِ وَلِلرَّسولِ
Any one who responds to the call of Allah and the Messenger,
فَصَدَّقَ مِلَّتَنا
believes in our creed,
ودَخَلَ في دينِنا
enters our religion
وَاستَقبَلَ قِبلَتَنا ،
and faces our Qiblah,
فَقَدِ استَوجَبَ حُقوقَ الإِسلامِ وحُدودَهُ ،
will enjoy the rights of Islam and its boundaries.
فَأَنتُم عِبادُ اللّهِ ، وَالمالُ مالُ اللّهِ يُقسَمُ بَينَكُم بِالسَّوِيَّةِ ،
You are the servants of Allah and wealth is the wealth of Allah which should be equally divided among you.
لا فَضلَ فيهِ لِأَحَدٍ عَلى أحَدٍ ،
No person has priority over another;
ولِلمُتَّقينَ عِندَ اللّهِ غَدا أحسَنُ الجَزاءِ وأفضَلُ الثَّوابِ ،
the God-wary will receive tomorrow the best of rewards and greatest of recompense.
لَم يَجعَلِ اللّهُ الدُّنيا لِلمُتَّقينَ أجرا ولا ثَوابا
Allah did not make this world as a reward and a recompense for the God-wary;
وما عِندَ اللّهِ خَيرٌ لِلأَبرارِ .
what is with Allah is better for the righteous.
وإذا كانَ غَدا إن شاءَ اللّهُ فَاغدوا عَلَينا فَإِنَّ عِندَنا مالاً نَقسِمُهُ فيكُم ،
If tomorrow comes, by the will of Allah, then come to us, for we have wealth to distribute among you.
ولا يَتَخَلَّفَنَّ أحَدٌ مِنكُم عَربِيٌّ ولا عَجَمِيٌّ ، كانَ مِن أهلِ العَطاءِ أو لَم يَكُن إلّا حَضَرَ إذا كانَ مُسلِما حُرّا .
Every free Muslim must be present and nobody should be left behind, whether an Arab or non-Arab.
أقولُ قَولي هذا وأستَغفِرُ اللّهَ لي ولَكُم .
This is what I have to say, and I seek forgiveness from Allah for you and for myself.”
ثُمَّ نَزَلَ .
He then descended from the pulpit.
قالَ شَيخُنا أبو جَعفَرٍ :
[Ibn Abi al-Hadid says] Our teacher Abu Ja`far [al-Iskafi] said:
وكانَ هذا أوَّلَ ما أنكَروهُ مِن كلامِهِ عليه السلام ، وأورَثَهُمُ الضِّغنَ عَلَيهِ ،
“This was the first of that which people disliked,
وكَرِهوا إعطاءَهُ وقَسمَهُ بِالسَّوِيَّةِ .
so they began to grudge him.
فَلَمّا كانَ مِنَ الغَدِ غَدا وغَدا النّاسُ لِقَبضِ المالِ ،
When the next day came and people attended to receive their share of money,
فَقالَ لِعُبَيدِاللّهِ بنِ أبي رافِعٍ كاتِبِهِ :
he (AS) told his scribe `Ubaidullah ibn Abi Rafi`:
اِبدَأ بِالمُهاجِرينَ فَنادِهِم وأعطِ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ مِمَّن حَضَرَ ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ ،
Begin with the Muhajirin; call them and give every man present three dinars;
ثُمَّ ثَنِّ بِالأَنصارِ فَافعَل مَعَهُم مِثلَ ذلِكَ ،
then call the Ansar and do the same thing to them;
ومَن يَحضُرُ مِنَ النّاسِ كُلِّهِمُ الأَحمَرِ وَالأَسوَدِ فَاصنَع بِهِ مِثلَ ذلِكَ .
and then give the same measure to all present, whether red or black [Arab or non-Arab].”
فَقالَ سَهلُ بنُ حُنَيفٍ : يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ،
Sahl ibn Hunayf said: “O Commander of the Faithful,
هذا غُلامي بِالأَمسِ
this was my servant yesterday,
وقَد أعتَقتُهُ اليَومَ ،
and I have freed him today.”
فَقالَ : نُعطيهِ كَما نُعطيكَ ،
He (AS) said: “We will give him what we give you.”
فَأَعطى كُلَّ واحِدٍ مِنهُما ثَلاثَةَ دَنانيرَ ،
So he (AS) gave each one of them three dinars
ولَم يُفَضِّل أحَداً عَلى أحَدٍ ،
and did not prefer anyone over another.
وتَخَلَّفَ عَن هذَا القَسمِ يَومَئِذٍ طَلحَةُ وَالزُّبَيرُ وعَبدُ اللّهِ بنُ عُمَرَ وسَعيدُ بنُ العاصِ ومَروانُ بنُ الحَكَمِ ورِجالٌ مِن قُرَيشٍ وغَيرِها .
Those who did not attend the distribution were: Talha, al-Zubayr, `Abdullah ibn `Umar, Sa`id ibn al-As, Marwan ibn al-Hakam, men of Quraish and others.”
قالَ : وسَمِعَ عُبَيدُ اللّهِ بنُ أبي رافِعٍ عَبدَ اللّهِ بنَ الزُّبَيرِ يَقولُ لِأَبيهِ وطَلحَةَ ومَروانَ وسَعيدٍ :
He [Abu Ja`far] said: “`Ubaidullah ibn Abi Rafi` heard `Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr say to his father and to Talha, Marwan and Sa`id:
ما خَفِيَ عَلَينا أمسِ مِن كَلامِ عَلِيٍّ ما يُريدُ ،
“What Ali meant in his words yesterday was not hidden to us at all.”
فَقالَ سَعيدُ بنُ العاصِ وَالتَفَتَ إلى زَيدِ بنِ ثابِتٍ : إيّاكَ أعني واسمَعي يا جارَة ،
Sa`id ibn al-As said while looking at Zaid ibn Thabit: “It is you I am addressing, but the neighbour should listen.”
فَقالَ عُبَيدُ اللّهِ بنُ أبي رافِعٍ لِسَعيدٍ وعَبدِ اللّهِ بنِ الزُّبَيرِ :
Then `Ubaidullah ibn Abi Rafi` said to Sa`id and `Abdullah ibn al- Zubayr:
إنَّ اللّهَ يَقولُ في كِتابِهِ : «وَ لَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَكُمْ لِلْحَقِّ كَـرِهُونَ» .الزخرف : 78
“Allah says in His Book: “But most of you were averse to the truth.” Qur’an, 43:78.
ثُمَّ إنَّ عُبَيدَ اللّهِ بنَ أبي رافِعٍ أخبَرَ عَلِيّاً عليه السلام بِذلِكَ فَقالَ :
After this `Ubaidullah ibn Abi Rafi` informed Ali (AS) about this, and so he (AS) said:
وَاللّهِ ، إن بَقيتُ وسَلِمتُ لَهُم لَاُقيمَنَّهُم عَلَى المَحَجَّةِ البَيضاءِ وَالطَّريقِ الواضِحِ .
“By Allah, if I remain alive, I will let them tread the right path.
قاتَلَ اللّهُ ابنَ العاصِ ، لَقَد عَرَفَ مِن كَلامي ونَظَري إلَيهِ أمسِ أنّي اُريدُهُ وأصحابَهُ مِمَّن هَلَكَ فيمنَ هَلَكَ .
May Allah kill Ibn al-As! He knows what I said when I looked at him yesterday that I meant him and his companions.”
شرح نهج البلاغة : ج7 ص36 .
Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, vol. 7, p. 36.
193. تاريخ اليعقوبي :
193. Tarikh al-Ya`qubi:
عَزَلَ عَلِيٌّ عُمّالَ عُثمانَ عَنِ البُلدانِ خَلا أبي موسَى الأَشعَرِيِّ ،
“Ali dismissed the governors of `Uthman in the cities, except for Abu Musa al-Ash`ari,
كَلَّمَهُ فيهِ الأَشتَرُ
about whom [Malik] al-Ashtar spoke,
فَأَقَرَّهُ .
and so he kept him.”
تاريخ اليعقوبي : ج2 ص179 .
Tarikh al-Ya`qubi, vol. 2, p. 179.
194. الاختصاص:
194. Al-Ikhtisas:
اِجتَمَعَ النّاسُ عَلَيهِ جَميعا ، فَقالوا لَهُ :
“All the people gathered around him [Ali] (AS) and said to him:
اُكتُب يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ إلى مَن خالَفَكَ بِوِلايَتِهِ ثُمَّ اعزِلهُ ،
“O Commander of the Faithful, write to those who oppose you and then dismiss them.”
فَقالَ : المَكرُ وَالخَديعَةُ وَالغَدرُ فِي النّارِ .
He (AS) said: “Cunningness, deception and trickery are in Hellfire.”
الاختصاص : ص150 .
Al-Ikhtisas, p. 150
195. الإمام عليّ عليه السلامـ مِن كَلامٍ لَهُ فيما رَدَّهُ عَلَى المُسلِمينَ مِن قَطائِعِ عُثمانَ ـ:
195. Imam Ali (AS) said, regarding the revocation of the lands granted by `Uthman their restoration to the Muslims:
وَاللّهِ لَو وَجَدتُهُ قَد تُزُوِّجَ بِهِ النِّساءُ ،
“By Allah, if I find that women were married by that wealth [by way of dowry]
ومُلِكَ بِهِ الإِماءُ ؛
or slave-maids were purchased by it,
لَرَدَدتُهُ ،
I would bring it back to its proper place.
فَإِنَّ فِي العَدلِ سَعَةً ،
There is room for justice;
ومَن ضاقَ عَلَيهِ العَدلُ فَالجَورُ عَلَيهِ أضيَقُ .
whoever finds it hard to act justly should find it harder to deal with injustice.”
نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 15 .
Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 15.
196. الإمام عليّ عليه السلام:
196. Imam Ali (AS) said:
لَو قَدِ استَوَت قَدَمايَ مِن هذِهِ المَداحِضِ لَغَيَّرتُ أشياءَ .
“If my feet stay firm in these slippery places, I will alter many things.”
نهج البلاغة : الحكمة 272 .
Nahj al-Balagha, Letter 15.
