369 - النُّبُوَّةُ «النبوّة العامّة»

369. PROPHETHOOD (1)

General Prophethood

1685 - فَلسَفَةُ النُّبُوَّةِ

1685. THE PHILOSOPHY OF PROPHETHOOD

1 - التّكاملُ‏

1. Perfection

5920.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - للزِّنديقِ الّذي سألَهُ: مِن أينَ أثبَتَّ الأنبياءَ ؟ - : إنّا لَمّا أثبَتنا أنّ لَنا خالِقاً صانِعاً مُتَعالِياً عنّا وعن جَميعِ ما خَلَقَ ، وكانَ ذلكَ الصّانِعُ حَكيماً مُتَعالِياً لَم يَجُزْ أن يُشاهِدَهُ خَلقُهُ ، ولا يُلامِسوهُ ، فيُباشِرَهُم ويُباشِروهُ ، ويُحاجَّهُم ويُحاجُّوهُ ، ثَبَتَ أنَّ لَهُ سُفَراءَ في خَلقِهِ يُعَبِّرونَ عَنهُ إلى‏ خَلقِهِ وعِبادِهِ ، ويَدُلُّونَهُم على‏ مصالِحِهِم ومَنافِعِهِم ، وما بهِ بَقاؤهُم وفي تَركِهِ فَناؤهُم .¹

5920. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said to an atheist who asked him, 'Wherefore did you establish the [need for and existence of] prophets?' 'When we established that we have a Creator and Maker, supreme over us and over all that He created, and that this Maker is so Wise and Supreme that His creation cannot see Him or touch Him, like they can mutually see each other and contend with each other, it hence becomes established that He has ambassadors among His creation who speak on His behalf to His creation and servants. They guide creation to their advantages and benefits, and to that which will secure their survival and the abandonment of which will destroy them.' ²

2 - إنقاذُ الإنسانِ مِن وَلايةِ الطّواغيتِ‏

2. Saving Mankind from the Rule of Tyrants

(وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولاً أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ فَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَانْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ) .³

"Certainly We raised an apostle in every nation [to preach:] 'Worship Allah, and keep away from the Rebel.' Then among them were some whom Allah guided, and among them were some who deserved to be in error. So travel over the land and then observe how was the fate of the deniers." ⁴

5921.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : إنّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ بَعَثَ محمّداً صلى اللَّه عليه وآله بالحَقِّ ليُخرِجَ عِبادَهُ مِن عِبادَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ عِبادَتِهِ ، ومِن عُهودِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ عُهودِهِ ، ومِن طاعَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ طاعَتِهِ ، ومِن وَلايَةِ عِبادِهِ إلى‏ وَلايَتِهِ .⁵

5921.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Allah, Blessed and most High, sent Muhammad (SAWA) with the truth to bring out His servants from worshipping His creatures into worshipping Him, from the covenants made with His creatures to His covenants, from obedience to His creatures to obedience to Him, and from being under the rule of His creatures to His rule.' ⁶

3 - تزكيةُ الأخلاقِ‏

3. Purifying Morals

(هُوَ الَّذِي بَعَثَ فِي الأُمِّيِّينَ رَسُولاً مِنْهُمْ يَتْلُو عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتِهِ وَيُزَكِّيهِمْ وَيُعَلِّمُهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وإن كانُوا مِنْ قَبلُ لَفي ضَلالٍ مُبِينٍ) .⁷

"It is He who sent to the unled [people] an apostle from among themselves, to recite to them His signs, to purify them, and to teach them the Book and wisdom, and earlier they had indeed been in manifest error." ⁸

5922.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : بُعِثتُ لاُتمِّمَ مَكارِمَ الأخلاقِ .⁹

5922.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'I was sent to complete the noble morals virtues.' ¹⁰

5923.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّما بُعِثتُ لاُتمِّمَ حُسنَ الأخلاقِ .¹¹

5923.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Verily I was sent to complete good morals.' ¹²

5924.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : فبَعَثَ فيهِم رُسُلَهُ وواتَرَ إلَيهِم أنبياءهُ ؛ لِيَستَأدُوهُم مِيثاقَ فِطرَتِهِ ، ويُذَكِّروهُم مَنسِيَّ نِعمَتِهِ ، ويَحتَجُّوا علَيهِم بالتَّبليغِ ، ويُثيروا لَهُم دَفائنَ العُقولِ ، ويُرُوهُم آياتِ المَقدِرَةِ .¹³

5924.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'So He sent His messengers among them and He sent prophets one after another to help lead them to the covenant of their innate nature, and to remind them of His blessings that they have forgotten, to show them proofs through propagation, to extract for them the treasures of their intellects, and to show them the signs of His potential.' ¹⁴

4 - قيامُ النّاسِ بالقِسطِ

4. Establishing Equity Among People

(لَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا رُسُلَنَا بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْمِيزَانَ لِيَقُومَ النَّاسُ بِالْقِسْطِ وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلِيَعْلَمَ اللَّهُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ وَرُسُلَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَوِيٌّ عَزِيزٌ) .¹⁵

"Certainly We sent Our apostle with manifest proofs, and We sent down with them the Book and the Balance, so that mankind may maintain justice; and We sent down iron in which there is great might and use for mankind, and so that Allah may know those who help Him and His apostle in [their] absence. Indeed Allah is all-strong, all mighty." ¹⁶

5 - رفعُ الاختلافِ :

5. Lifting Differences

(كَانَ النَّاسُ أَُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيما اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ البَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيَاً بَيْنَهُمْ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلى‏ صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ) .¹⁷

"Mankind were a single community; then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of good news and as warners, and He sent down with them the Book with the truth, that it may judge between the people concerning that about which they differed, and none differed in it except those who had been given it, after the manifest proofs had come to them, out of envy among themselves. Then Allah guided those who had faith to the truth of what they differed in, by His will, and Allah guides whomever He wishes to a straight path." ¹⁸

5925.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : اُنظُروا إلى‏ مَواقِعِ نِعَمِ اللَّهِ علَيهِم حِينَ بَعَثَ إلَيهِم رَسولاً فعَقدَ بمِلَّتِهِ طاعَتَهُم ، وجَمعَ على‏ دَعوَتِهِ اُلفتَهُم : كيفَ نَشَرَتِ النِّعمَةُ علَيهِم جَناحَ كَرامَتِها ، وأسالَت لَهُم جَداوِلَ نَعيمِها ، والتَفّتِ المِلّةُ بِهِم في عَوائدِ بَرَكَتِها ، فأصبَحوا في نِعمَتِها غَرِقِينَ!¹⁹

5925.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Look at the various favours of Allah upon them, when He deputed towards them a prophet who got them to pledge their obedience to Him, and made them unite at his call. [Look] how [Allah's] bounty spread the wings of its favours over them and made flow for them streams of its blessing, and the whole community was covered in blissful prosperity. Consequently they were submerged under its bounty.' ²⁰

6 - إتمامُ الحُجّةِ

6. Completing the Proof [against them]

5926.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : بَعَثَ إلَيهِمُ الرُّسُلَ لِتكونَ لَهُ الحُجّةُ البالِغَةُ على‏ خَلقِهِ ، ويكونَ رُسُلُهُ إلَيهِم شُهَداءَ علَيهِم ، وابتَعَثَ فيهِمُ النَّبيّينَ مُبَشِّرينَ ومُنذِرينَ ليَهلِكَ مَن هَلَكَ عَن بَيّنَةٍ ، ويَحيى‏ مَن حَيَّ عَن بَيّنَةٍ ، وليَعقِلَ العِبادُ عن ربِّهِم ما جَهِلوهُ ، فيَعرِفوهُ برُبوبيَّتِهِ بعدَ ما أنكَروا ، ويُوحِّدوهُ بالإلهيّةِ بعد ما عَضَدوا .²¹

5926.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'He sent messengers to them so that He would have the ultimate proof against His creation, and His messengers to them are witnesses over them. He sent among them prophets who were bearers of glad tidings and warners that those who contradict His evidence will perish, and that those who were revived by His evidence will be revived. And that servants may comprehend about their Lord that which they did not know, and come to know Him through His Lordship after they had denied it, and that they may profess His divine unity through His Godliness after they had advocated [it] [ascribing a partner for Him].' ²²

1684 - المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ‏

1684. WEALTH IS WHAT BENEFITS MEN

5911.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : إنّ لكَ في مالِكَ ثلاثاً شُرَكاءَ : أنتَ، والتّلَفُ، والوارِثُ، فإنِ استَطَعتَ أن لا تكونَ أعجَزَهُم فافعَلْ .¹

5911.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'You are three partners in your wealth: you, your losses, and your heir, so if you can try not to be the weakest of them then do so.' ²

5912.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يقولُ ابنُ آدمَ : مُلكي مُلكي ! ومالي مالي ! يامِسكينُ ! أينَ كنتَ حيثُ كانَ المُلكُ ولَم تَكُن ، وهَل لكَ إلّا ما أكَلتَ فأفنَيتَ ، أو لَبِستَ فأبلَيتَ ، أو تَصَدَّقتَ فأبقَيتَ ؟! إمّا مَرحومٌ بهِ وإمّا مُعاقَبٌ علَيهِ ، فاعقِلْ أن لا يكونَ مالُ غيرِكَ أحَبَّ إلَيكَ مِن مالِكَ .³

5912.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'The son of Adam says: 'My property, my property! My wealth, my wealth!' - O poor man! Where were you when there was property but not you, and do you possess anything other than what you eat and emit, or wear and wear out, or did you donate so it stayed?! Either you will be had mercy on as a result of it [i.e. your wealth] or punished on account of it. So, beware lest that wealth which is not yours be more beloved to you than your own wealth.' ⁴

5913.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ ما أفادَ الرِّجالَ .⁵

5913.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth is what benefits men.' ⁶

5914.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : المالُ يُكرِمُ صاحِبَهُ ما بَذَلَهُ ، ويُهينُهُ ما بَخِلَ بهِ .⁷

5914.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Wealth honours its owner as long as he spends it and it humiliates him where he is miserly with it.' ⁸

5915.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام: أمسِكْ مِن المالِ بقَدرِ ضَرورَتِكَ، وقَدِّمِ الفَضلَ لِيَومِ حاجَتِكَ .⁹

5915.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Hold onto wealth according to your need of it, and put the rest away for a day you will need it.' ¹⁰

5916.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أفضَلُ المالِ ما وُقِيَ بهِ العِرضُ ، وقُضِيَت بهِ الحُقوقُ .¹¹

5916.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The best of wealth is that with which one's dignity is guarded and that through which one's rights are fulfilled.' ¹²

5917.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : خَيرُ مالِكَ ما أعانَكَ على‏ حاجَتِكَ .¹³

5917.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'The best of your wealth is that which helps you with your needs.' ¹⁴

5918.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام: إنّما أعطاكُمُ اللَّهُ هذهِ الفُضولَ مِن الأموالِ لتُوَجِّهوها حيثُ وَجَّهَها اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ ، ولَم يُعطِكُموها لِتَكنِزوها .¹⁵

5918.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah gave you this excess in wealth in order that you may use it according to how Allah Almighty would like, and He did not give it to you in order for you to store it away.' ¹⁶

5919.الإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام : خَيرُ مالِ المَرءِ ذَخائِرُ الصَّدَقَةِ .¹⁷

5919. Imam Ali al-Rida (AS) said, 'The best wealth of a person is what he reserves for charity.' ¹⁸