Ulum-i Hadith (Hadith Sciences) No. 72 Released
Publish Date: 3/28/2015 Code: 39501

Ulum-i Hadith (Hadith Sciences) No. 72 Released

Ulum-i Hadith (Hadith Sciences) is the first academic journal in the field of hadith scholarship and its related disciplines.

Ulum-i Hadith (Hadith Sciences) No. 72 Released

 

 

Comparison between the Shia Attitude to the Ibrahim’s Sacrifice and That of Jewish, Christian, and Sunni Muslim Tradition: A Critical Review of Firestone’s Article

Gholamreza Reisian

Samaneh Abrishami

 Rabbi Reuven Firestone, American Orientalist, in his article: Merit, Mimesis, and Martyrdom: Aspects of Shi'ite Meta-historical Exegesis on Abraham's Sacrifice in Light of Jewish, Christian, and Sunni Muslim Tradition makes a comparison between Judaism, Christianity and Islam, using historical reports of Ibrahim’s Sacrifice in the Abrahamic religions, based on his understanding of the religions and the importance of ancestral race in all faiths. He regards Prophet Isaac (a.s) as the intended sacrifice in Judaism, Christianity and early Shia, and (as he himself believes) considers  Prophet Ismail (a.s) as the intended sacrifice in the Sunni and modern Shia. He also significant ideas and theories in this regard that accepting them is tantamount to the unreliability of the Shia beliefs. He finally concludes the resemblance between Shia and Christianity and that between Sunni and Judaism from foundation of the pure monotheism by Sunnis and its continuance by the Shia. In this study, the author cites some obvious features of the article. Using Muslim scholars’ commentaries and interpretations of the verses and hadiths, he demonstrates that there is no  difference in determining the Prophet Ibrahim’s sacrifice among the early and late Shia, though both traditions are seen in Shia sources. He has extracted weak and inaccurate ideas and theories of the article and criticized and rejected them since they were incorrect attributed sayings, infirm expressions, misconception of Shia traditions, inaccurate data, and accusing Shia of hadith innovation. These are suggesting the stability of the Shia faith, resulting from adherence to the infallible Imams (a.s).

Key Words:  Abraham’s Sacrifice, Ishmael, Isaac, Shia Hadith, Sunni Tradition.

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Analysis of the Narratives Regarding the Seven Readings (Sab`ah Ahruf) of the Qur'an in the Shia Hadith Heritage

Mahmood Karimi

Mohsen Deimehkar

Tradition regarding the revelation of the Quran in seven harfs is one of the famous traditions in the Sunni hadith collections which has been transmitted through some early hadith collections by some Imami hadith scholars such as Muhammad ibn Hassan Saffar, Muhammad ibn Masud Ayashi, Shaykh Muhammed ibn Ibrahim Numani, and Shaykh Saduq Imami, in terms of revelation, reading and interpretation of the Quran in seven letters and seven types. At first these traditions seem to be in conflict with the tradition narrated by Zurara and Fudail ibn Yasar in al-Kafi saying the Quran has been revealed in one harf (reading), but looking deep into the different traditions of the sab`ah ahruf (seven readings) in Imami hadith collections and according to some lexical and fiqh al-hadith sources, the textual evidence of the traditions of the sab`ah ahruf (seven readings) and formation of hadith family, in spite of their weak documents it can be assumed that the Quran revealed by Allah in one text and reading. However it has been made easy by God and His messenger for those who want to learn the Quran in their own accents. At the same time, the Holy Quran includes seven kinds of verses, every one of them encompassing seven inner layers. The author of the present paper first makes an analysis of the initial issuance of the traditions and then verifies views presented by narrators of this hadith like Shaykh Saduq, Ayashi, Majlisi and Shaykh Hurr Amili in Imami hadith sources.

Key Words: Imami Hadith Collections, the Sab`ah Ahruf (Seven Readings), Sahiha Zurarh, Inner Layers of the Quran, the Words and Accents, Dissimulation.

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Comparison between the Principles of Denying Tradition in Judaism and Islam

 Reza Gandomi Nasrabadi

There is a tendency between Jewish and Muslim thinkers to focus on the sufficiency of the Bible and the Quran and deny the tradition as a whole or as a reliable and holy reference. The deniers of tradition in Judaism are called Qariun (Karaites) and the deniers of tradition in Islam are called Quraniun (Quranites). The author of the present paper expresses the similarities and differences of this view in Judaism and Islam, in addition to examining the causes and context of the view. Given the definition of tradition, one can find real or apparent similarities or differences by the main issue or concern, in other words, knowledge penetration, principles or assumptions, arguments, approach and how they approach the issue. It seems that there is undeniable similarities between deniers oftradition in Judaism and Islam and even if they have different concerns and principles, the theoretical and practical implications will be the same.

Key Words:  Judaism, Islam, the Bible, the Quran, Qaryvn, Quranists and Tradition

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Critical View of the Rijal and Document Evaluations

In the Exegesis of  al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Quran and al-Sunnah al-Mutahharah

Zohreh Narimani

Mohammad Kazem Rahmansetayesh

 Search of the quality of  document in the exegeses that use exegetical traditions is discussed in two fields of rijal and diraya. Some commentators like Mr. Sadeqi in al-Furqan (the Criterion) have dealt with documents differently while using them and attaching importance to them. Despite the accuracy of citing documents, he has refused to go to rijal. When applying the hadith terminology, he has taken into consideration other concepts and meanings.

It is clear that the weakness of a document in al-Furqan (the Criterion) does not indicate the rejection or acceptance of a hadith. Rather a hadith which is known as weak is mentioned by the author without utilizing  and valuating it in its jurisprudential-exegetical use and citations. Not believing in mukhbir reliability while accepting khabar reliability is the origin of this approach. It can be inferred that his criterion for hadith reliability is the same old reliability. This approach is reflected in numerous cases in al-Furqan, resulting in the adoption of different legal opinions following the verses of ahkam. In his different approach in al-Furqan it is seen that some hadiths are accepted or rejected by the author that require critical view of their documents. Making necessary criticism of these approaches, the authors of the present paper try to view this exegesis from different perspectives.

Key Words:  al-Furqan fi Tafsir al-Quran (the Criterion in Exegesis of the Quran), Document, Rijal, Diraya

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An Introduction to the  History of Bahraini Shia Hadith in the Age of Presence

Mahdi Soleimani Ashtiani

Mahdi Farmanian

A glance at the history of hadith in Bahrain indicates the existence of elements such as the significant narrators and hadith scholars, compilation of hadith books and works, the formation of effective thinking, and hadith schools and communities all working as a hadith center among Bahrainis and Bahraini Abd al-Qays tribe. About one hundred and twenty Bahrainis were considered as the Shia hadith scholars and narrators of Imams. They played a significant role in the development of the Shia hadith studies. Their hadith activities and attention to related discussions continued for many centuries. Number of hadiths narrated by the narrators is of importance and deserves to be studied in a separate paper. The present paper deals with the beginning of the hadith activity, its ups and downs in the area of the Imams of the Twelver Shia, the narrators works and books, and their relations with other Shia and Sunni hadith schools. It also verifies Bahraini hadith scholars’ approach to the words of the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them.

Key Words:  Shia Hadith History, Bahraini Hadith Scholars, Bahrain, Abd al-Qays.

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Hadith "La Tufaddiluni ala Musa (Do not give me superiority over Moses)"

Approaches and Standard Theory

Ali Raad

 There is a consensus among the Shia and Sunni regarding the superiority of the Prophet Muhammad over the previous prophets. But, it is prohibited to give the Prophet Muhammad superiority over Moses based on some hadiths like "La Tufaddiluni ala Musa (Do not give me superiority over Moses)". Islamic traditions are not homogeneous on this issue and mostly in conflict with each other. How to remove the conflict between these traditions and the consensus among the Shia and Sunni? What are the common approaches among Muslim hadith scholars for analyzing these traditions? What is the main purpose of the Messenger of Allah by this tradition? The author of the present study divides the tradition concerning the prohibition of superiority into four and and make a review of them: typology of the tradition concerning the superiority of the prophets, an inner and outer conflict of the traditions concerning the prohibition of superiority, recognition and assessment of hadith scholars’ approaches in the analysis of the narratives, and finally a new theory on the subject.

Key Words:  Superiority of the Prophets, Conflict of the Traditions, Hadith "La Tufaddiluni ala Musa (Do not give me superiority over Moses)", Interacting with the Jewish, the Prophet’s Conduct.

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Exploring the Scope of the First Imami Hadith Sources

Mohammad Mahdi Kamyabi

The first Imami hadith sources, written by  the Companions of the Imams, are the starting point of the Shia hadith heritage. These writings have been transmitted from generation to generation, as the main sources of Shia hadith for many centuries and reached the authors of the Four Books.

How the hadith books of the Companions of the Imams reached the next generation of the hadith scholars? This is one of the key questions on Imami hadith history. In other words, the question asks whether their work had been transmitted through multiple ways of hadith transmission or single one. According to the words of hadith scholars and scientists of the early rijal figures, fame and multiple ways of transmission in hadith books of the Companions of the Imams have been proven to be of a confirmed reliability, but over the compilation of the Four Books and relative withdrawal of the Companions’ hadith books many of them were forgotten. It turned into an Ijtihadi question. Analyzing the existing ways of hadith transmission in early fihrists (al-Najashi’s list and Shaykh Tusi’s), the author of the present paper makes a comparison between them and works out multiplicity of ways of transmission in hadith books of the Companions of the Imams in the majority of cases.

Key Words: Multiple Ways of Hadith Transmission, the Books of the Companions of the Imams, Usul Arbah Mi’ah, al-Najashi’s List of Hadith Transmitters, Sheikh Tusi’s List.

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